Trump names Powell as Fed chair nominee

A Fed governor since 2012 and former Treasury official under the George H.W. Bush administration, Powell will replace current Fed Chair Janet Yellen. Yellen was nominated in 2013 by President Obama. Her term as the central bank's first female leader expires in February.

It will be the first time in four decades that a new president hasn't asked the current Fed chair to stay on for a second term.

Powell was among five candidates considered for the job. Also on the president's short list: former Fed governor Kevin Warsh, Stanford University economist John Taylor, the president's top economic adviser, Gary Cohn and Yellen.

Ahead of Trump's formal announcement Thursday, Cohn praised the president's choice. "I'm really supportive of the president's decision -- and it's a great decision," he said speaking before The Economic Club of Washington.

Related: Fed leaves interest rates alone and waits for Trump

The position of Fed chair requires Senate confirmation. Republicans currently hold the majority and would be able to confirm Powell without any Democratic support, if necessary.

At 64, Powell has been Yellen's ally on monetary policy, while also calling for easing some of the regulations on banks put in place after the 2008 financial crisis.

Unlike almost all of his predecessors in the position, Powell is not an economist by training. Instead, he was a lawyer and former partner at private-equity firm, Carlyle Group.

Two immediate challenges face Powell once he is confirmed in the role: How quickly to raise interest rates and how to continue to safely unwind the Fed's hefty balance sheet.

It's the job of central bankers to shift policy levers, nudging interest rates higher or lower, to boost jobs and keep prices, or inflation, at the optimal level.

What's made their job trickier is that inflation is signaling the Fed should not increase rates. But economic growth and a low unemployment rate of 4.2% are saying it should.

Related: Powell would be the first investment banker to chair the Fed

Powell has been supportive of Yellen's plan to gradually raise interest rates, if there are continued signs of improvement in the economy.

"The economy is as close to our assigned goals as it has been for many years," said Powell in a June speech at the Economic Club of New York. "Risks to the forecast now seem more balanced than they have been for a some time."

Powell will also have to oversee how the central bank continues to shed some of the $4.5 trillion in investments it made in order to prop up the economy after the financial crisis. The Fed began the process of unwinding almost a decade's worth of stimulus investments in September.

For years, the central bank piled up purchases of Treasury and mortgage-backed securities, a strategy intended to stimulate the economy by reducing borrowing costs for everyone. At the time, it also reduced its benchmark interest rate to zero, and only began raising it in December 2015, seven years after the crisis.

Related: Fed taps Jerome Powell to head oversight of 'too big to fail' banks

Powell voted in favor of winding down the Fed's balance sheet. And like Yellen, he's left the door open for a new round of asset purchases in the event of another crisis.

In April, the Fed tapped Powell to serve as the new point man overseeing how Wall Street banks are regulated after Daniel Tarullo, the central bank's regulatory czar stepped down. Tarullo held the position for the past eight years.

In this role, the Fed governor has sided with the Trump administration on easing some of the regulatory burdens on banks. He's specifically suggested relaxing the so-called Volcker Rule, which bars banks from taking risky bets with taxpayer money.