US declares public health emergency

The US administration on Thursday declared the monkeypox outbreak a public health emergency, two weeks after the World Health Organization upgraded its classification of the virus.

Health Secretary Xavier Becerra announced the declaration during a briefing, telling reporters that the White House is urging “every American to take monkeypox seriously.” By declaring an emergency, the Biden administration can access more funding to respond to the virus, by purchasing vaccine doses or treatments from pharmaceutical firms, for example.

The World Health Organization declared monkeypox a ‘Public Health Emergency of International Concern’ late last month, a designation one level below the pandemic status assigned to Covid-19. In the US, the cities of San Francisco and New York have already declared public health emergencies over the outbreak, as have the states of New York and Illinois.

More than 6,000 cases of monkeypox have been recorded in the US since May, with the vast majority occurring among gay men. While it is still unclear whether the virus is being spread sexually or through the extended contact involved in sexual intercourse, WHO Director Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said last month that men “with multiple sexual” partners of the same sex are particularly at risk.

At least four children in the US have contracted the virus, according to state and federal officials. The first two cases, reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) last, were “traced back to individuals who come from the … gay men’s community,”CDC Director Rochelle Walensky said at the time.

Monkeypox is similar to human smallpox, which was eradicated in 1980, and is endemic in parts of West and Central Africa. Its initial symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills, and exhaustion, and those afflicted develop distinctive skin lesions. The latest outbreak began in May among gay communities in several European countries. 

According to the WHO’s most recent report, published late last month, 16,000 cases of monkeypox have been recorded in 75 countries worldwide. Five deaths have been linked with the virus. Around 98% of patients identified as “men who have sex with men.”

A combined monkeypox/smallpox vaccine manufactured by Bavarian Nordic has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 2019. While some US cities have already begun prioritizing its rollout to gay and bisexual men, the federal government reportedly has only a third of the 3.5 million shots it estimates are necessary to end the outbreak.