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6 year oldMr Trump had tweeted that China was "not helping" because of trade tensions with the US.
A Chinese foreign ministry spokesman said this was "contrary to basic facts" and China was "seriously concerned".
On Thursday Mr Trump called off US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo's planned trip to North Korea.
He said that insufficient progress was being made in dismantling Pyongyang's nuclear programme.
...Additionally, because of our much tougher Trading stance with China, I do not believe they are helping with the process of denuclearization as they once were (despite the UN Sanctions which are in place)...
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) August 24, 2018
After his summit with the North Korean leader in June, Mr Trump said the country was no longer a nuclear threat.
But since then there have been several reports that it is failing to dismantle its nuclear facilities.
One of the most recent warnings came from unnamed US officials, who told the Washington Post that North Korea appeared to be building new intercontinental ballistic missiles.
The UN's nuclear agency (IAEA) has also said North Korea is continuing with its nuclear programme.
Meanwhile the second in a new series of family reunions for North and South Koreans separated by the war 65 years ago has taken place in a North Korean tourist resort.
Some 326 South Koreans from 81 families met their long-lost relatives, South Korea's Yonhap news agency reported.
Beijing is Pyongyang's only significant ally and Washington's most powerful long-term strategic rival in the region.
The two powers are currently embroiled in a tit-for-tat tariff war after Mr Trump complained about the size of the US trade deficit with China and what Washington sees as other unfair trade practices.
Each side has now imposed 25% tariffs on a total of $50bn of one another's goods.
However, only three days ago Mr Trump said China had been a "big help on North Korea".
North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has visited Chinese leader Xi Jinping several times this year, including a visit shortly after his summit with Mr Trump.
Mr Pompeo was due to head to Pyongyang next week with his newly appointed special envoy for North Korea - Stephen Biegun, a retiring Ford executive.
It would have been the secretary of state's fourth trip, though he was not expected to meet Mr Kim.
Mr Pompeo might still make another trip though.
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